鲫幼鱼易钓性与标准代谢及形态特征的关联

【目的】考察鲤科(Cyprinidae)鱼类的标准代谢率(Standard metabolic rate)及形态参数与易钓性是否存在关联。【方法】以广布种鲤科鱼类鲫(Carassius auratus)幼鱼为实验对象,在(25±0.5)℃条件下测定体质量相近、体格健康的40尾幼鱼的标准代谢率,随后在实验室环境中连续进行5d垂钓,每日垂钓20尾幼鱼即停止当日垂钓活动。【结果】1)第1d被钓出幼鱼的标准代谢率高于未被钓出幼鱼,具有统计学意义(p<0.05);随后连续4d中被钓出幼鱼与未被钓出幼鱼的标准代谢率之间的差异均不具有统计学意义。另外,每日被钓出幼鱼与未被钓出幼鱼的体质量之间的差异也无统计学意义,但被钓出幼鱼的体长在第3d和第5d大于未被钓出幼鱼,且具有统计学意义(p<0.05),并且被钓出幼鱼的肥满度在第3d高于未钓出组,具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。2)在5d的连续垂钓中,被钓上5次的幼鱼有3尾,被钓上1~4次的幼鱼分别为7,7,6,10尾,仅7尾幼鱼从未被钓出,单因素方差分析显示不同被钓出频次的幼鱼的标准代谢率之间差异不具有统计学意义。3)对5d中均被钓出的幼鱼的钓出顺序进行分析,发现它们每日被钓排序在整体上保持一致,而幼鱼的平均被钓次序号与它们的标准代谢率和形态参数均无统计学意义上的相关性。【结论】鲫幼鱼的首次被钓经历并不影响自身再次被钓;在体质量相近条件下,鲫的易钓性与外部形态(如体质量、体长或肥满度等)以及维持代谢有关。
     

Lipoprotein lipase activator deficiency in very low density lipoproteins in rat nephrotic syndrome.

Marked urinary loss of lipoprotein lipase activator in experimental rat nephrotic syndrome may be partly responsible for its deficiency in plasma very low density lipoproteins.     

中国养老政策的演进及智慧社会下居家养老的发展

 人口老龄化已经成为世界各国、各地区社会经济发展面临的重要问题。中国从2001年步入老龄化社会,提升老龄群体生活质量对于全面实现小康社会意义重大,也是促进中国城镇化健康发展的需要。梳理了中国20世纪80年代以来养老政策和实践的演进路径,强调了居家养老既要符合中国社会经济发展的特征,也要满足老龄群体的生活需求;鉴于中国社区的养老服务设施供给仍然滞后于老龄化发展的现状,探讨了在智慧社会下,通过信息化策略（虚拟空间）与可步行邻里环境（实体空间）,提升已有养老服务设施的服务覆盖面和质量、构建老龄群体的智慧社区生活模式、促进居家养老服务的时空匹配、提升居家养老服务的质量水平等策略。     

A family of mammalian Na+-dependent L-ascorbic acid transporters.

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is essential for many enzymatic reactions, in which it serves to maintain prosthetic metal ions in their reduced forms (for example, Fe2+, Cu+), and for scavenging free radicals in order to protect tissues from oxidative damage. The facilitative sugar transporters of the GLUT type can transport the oxidized form of the vitamin, dehydroascorbic acid, but these transporters are unlikely to allow significant physiological amounts of vitamin C to be taken up in the presence of normal glucose concentrations, because the vitamin is present in plasma essentially only in its reduced form. Here we describe the isolation of two L-ascorbic acid transporters, SVCT1 and SVCT2, from rat complementary DNA libraries, as the first step in investigating the importance of L-ascorbic acid transport in regulating the supply and metabolism of vitamin C. We find that SVCT1 and SVCT2 each mediate concentrative, high-affinity L-ascorbic acid transport that is stereospecific and is driven by the Na+ electrochemical gradient. Despite their close sequence homology and similar functions, the two isoforms of the transporter are discretely distributed: SVCT1 is mainly confined to epithelial systems (intestine, kidney, liver), whereas SVCT2 serves a host of metabolically active cells and specialized tissues in the brain, eye and other organs.     

Interaction of c-Abl and p73alpha and their collaboration to induce apoptosis.

c-Abl, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is activated by agents that damage DNA. This activation results in either arrest of the cell cycle in phase G1 or apoptotic cell death, both of which are dependent on the kinase activity of c-Abl. p73, a member of the p53 family of tumour-suppressor proteins, can also induce apoptosis. Here we show that the apoptotic activity of p73alpha requires the presence of functional, kinase-competent c-Abl. Furthermore, p73 and c-Abl can associate with each other, andthis binding is mediated by a PxxP motif in p73 and the SH3 domain of c-Abl. We find that p73 is a substrate of the c-Abl kinase and that the ability of c-Abl to phosphorylate p73 is markedly increased by gamma-irradiation. Moreover, p73 is phosphorylated in vivo in response to ionizing radiation. These findings define a pro-apoptotic signalling pathway involving p73 and c-Abl.     

A radiation hybrid map of the rat genome containing 5,255 markers.

A whole-genome radiation hybrid (RH) panel was used to construct a high-resolution map of the rat genome based on microsatellite and gene markers. These include 3,019 new microsatellite markers described here for the first time and 1,714 microsatellite markers with known genetic locations, allowing comparison and integration of maps from different sources. A robust RH framework map containing 1,030 positions ordered with odds of at least 1,000:1 has been defined as a tool for mapping these markers, and for future RH mapping in the rat. More than 500 genes which have been mapped in mouse and/or human were localized with respect to the rat RH framework, allowing the construction of detailed rat-mouse and rat-human comparative maps and illustrating the power of the RH approach for comparative mapping.